ion.

Participants included only individuals who did not take medications that included corticosteroids, which could interfere with immune measurements. Smokers and/or those with severe arthritis, a history of cancer or inflammatory disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, recent illness or vaccination, or a positive stress test were excluded.

The physical fitness of subjects was assessed through a battery of tests that measured such variables as fatigue, blood pressure, oxygen intake and carbon dioxide elimination and heart-rate recovery in conjunction with exercise on a walking treadmill. Tests also were administered to determine the subjects levels of physical activity, physical fitness, emotional stress and body composition (bone density and body fat). Blood samples also were drawn to measure CRP levels.

The major criterion we were looking at was their fitness level, Vieira said. A strength of our study is that we have very good data on their fitness levels.

And while other studies have explored the relationship between exercise and inflammation, another unique aspect of the U. of I. research, Vieira said, is that no other studies have adjusted for fitness and body fat percentages simultaneously to really get at that question, Is exercise independently reducing CRP levels, or is it modulated through a decrease in adiposity (body fat)?

Because the study was cross-sectional meaning the researchers essentially took a snapshot of the participants reactions and measurements at a single, fixed point only Vieira said it was important to note that we cant say anything about cause and effect relationships.

However, Woods said, it gives you some idea of what factors are related, and then you test those in a more rigorous manner.

Vieira said the research certainly suggests that fitness may be associated with
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