he number is approximately 300,000!

Genetic factors seem to be the cause of primary or idiopathic dystonia. That raises the question Is dystonia inherited? The answer is, in all probability, Yes!

If it develops in childhood, it is probably due to affected genes inherited from parents. Inheritance of generalized dystonia is due to the dominant nature of the gene(s) involved. This means, a parent affected with this type of dystonia has a 50% chance of passing the affected gene/s to the offsprings. Adults who develop dystonia may also have inherited a defective gene, though it is difficult to identify. On the other hand, not everyone who inherits an affected gene succumbs to the disease. Dystonia can also occur in individuals because of spontaneous mutations.

Experts suspect that a problem in the basal ganglion (a part in the brain that controls movement) predisposes an individual to dystonia. Secondary or acquired dystonia can occur when the basal ganglia is damaged due to:

Stroke
Tumor
Certain dopamine- blocking drugs used to treat psychiatric disorders

Another postulate is that an imbalance in the neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, could cause dystonia.

Regarding the course of the disease, it is difficult to estimate its duration. The unpredictability of its progression makes the situation tricky. Symptoms and their severity vary from day to day. For instance, focal dystonia progresses gradually over five years and then no further. On the other hand, there are also individuals in whom dystonia improves or even completely disappears without reason! However, statistics of such total remission is anywhere between one-in-ten to one-in-twenty.

One must remember that though dystonia is a chronic disorder, it generally does not impair the cognitive abilities of the affected persons. The only exception is
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