( or the purpose of slowing or stopping t...)Condition That Causes Irregular Periods Can Lead to Fertility Problems,Health

or the purpose of slowing or stopping the woman’s periods).

The accompanying problems for women can be limited and mild, or broad-ranging and severe, Lebovic says.

Many patients have an increase in the growth of facial hair and weight gain due to the hormonal changes associated with PCOS, he notes. Some women with the condition also have higher levels of LDL cholesterol than the general public, which increases their likelihood of developing heart disease.

Many PCOS patients experience fertility problems simply because they can’t produce an egg for fertilization every month. They have an increased risk of diabetes, with about 30 percent of PCOS patients suffering from pre-diabetes or insulin insensitivity and 10 percent having type II diabetes, Lebovic says. And PCOS patients may be at an increased risk for endometrial cancer, the cancer of the lining of the uterus.

Researchers are investigating the causes of PCOS, which may be an underlying insulin disorder that leads to the ovarian cysts, or which may begin as an enzyme malfunction in the ovary that leads to problems with insulin processing, Lebovic notes.

Diagnosis can be tricky, often because women don’t always raise the issue of irregular periods with their physicians, Lebovic says. Sometimes the condition isn’t discovered until a woman is having difficulty becoming pregnant, he says. A physical examination, ultrasound and blood tests can help diagnose the condition.

A form of treatment that can address the irregular periods, hair growth and fertility is metformin, Lebovic says. A few studies have shown that the medication – widely used to treat patients with diabetes and increasingly those with PCOS – can decrease the amount of the patient’s excess hair growth and can increase the ovulation rate, increasing the woman’s fertility. For women not trying to get pregnant, birth control pills are often used to treat PCOS.

Lebovic
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