( of sections of brain tissue in humans....)Bottleneck in Blood Supply Makes Brain Vulnerable to Strokes,Health

of sections of brain tissue in humans. The accumulation of damage may lead to memory loss, and may be a risk factor for having a larger stroke, according to Pat Lyden, a professor of neurosciences at UCSD’s School of Medicine and head of the UCSD Stroke Center.

“This damage is an enormous problem,” said Lyden, who collaborated with Kleinfeld on the study. “We think it is part of the dementia picture in Alzheimer’s and non-Alzheimer’s patients. But until now, we had no insight into the mechanism of the damage, and understanding the mechanism is the first step toward understanding how to prevent it.”

To determine what happens in the brain during a stroke, the researchers created a tiny clot in a blood vessel in the brain of an anesthetized rat. They used focused laser light to excite a dye they had injected into the bloodstream. A chemical reaction of the excited dye “nicked” the blood vessel at the target location and triggered the natural clotting response.

“The technique creates a clot while generating very little collateral damage,” said Beth Friedman, an associate project scientist working with Lyden in neurosciences and a contributing author on the paper. “Then we can study blood flow changes to understand what is happening in the brain in real time.”

Before and after the formation of the clot, the researchers tracked the movements of red blood cells using two-photon fluorescence microscopy. Two-photon fluorescence microscopy is a powerful imaging tool that uses brief (less than one-trillionth of a second) laser pulses to peer below the surface of the brain.

In contrast to a previous study, in which the team showed there was very little disruption in blood flow when a clot formed in the blood vessels on the surface of the brain, a blockage in the penetrating arterioles had a significant effect. The flow of red blood cells was reduced far downstream of the blockage. Because blood flow cannot simply ta
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