( Ms Alicia Fernández San Millán’s an ag...)Alternate ways to produce HAS from tobacco plants,Health

Ms Alicia Fernández San Millán’s, an agricultural engineer has developed a technique which uses plastidial transformation which results in the production// of Human serum albumin (HSA) from tobacco plants. HSA is an intravenous protein most commonly used in the world for therapeutic needs.

It is mainly used to stabilize blood volume and to avoid risk of heart attacks. It is used for haemorrhages, burns, surgical operations or when the patient shows symptoms of malnutrition or dehydration, chronic infections and renal or liver illnesses. The annual consumption of HSA in Spain is about 10 tons and across the world it is exceeds 500 tons. She said that this technique is an economically viable alternative.

By using this technique one can produce HSA in large quantities than those obtained by nuclear transformation. This technique has been patented at a world level and there is already a company interested in marketing it. Usually commercial albumin is extracted from blood but it is not sufficient to meet the world demand. The other methods are obtaining HSA from yeasts and mammal cells.

The price at the pharmacy of albumin produced using plasma is 4 euros per gram whereas the production cost is between 300 and 4,000 euros per gram. Another alternative is the production of albumin from vegetables using nuclear transformation. On the other hand the plastidial system enables the extraction of great quantities of albumin.

With nuclear transformation, the maximum level obtained is 0.5% and from plastidial transfer it is increased to 14-7%. With the nuclear transformation method, gene integrates into the DNA of the cell nucleus of the leaf and, thus, can only manage a small number of copies. With the plastidial system the gene is introduced into the chloroplast, where photosynthesis takes place and where the genomes can multiply up to 10,000 times. Care should be taken that the genes do not escape through pollen transmission.
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