frican American children on average have greater bone density and are less susceptible to fractures. Dr. Kalkwarf said this makes it necessary to develop appropriate ethnic-specific standards for evaluating optimal bone density in African American children.

Study participants were recruited between July 2002 and November 2003 at five centers in the United States: Cincinnati Children's; Children's Hospital of Los Angeles; Creighton University, Omaha, Neb.; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Data was collected from participants between August 2002 and December 2005. To help ensure consistency, all DXA scans were analyzed centrally by the DXA Core Laboratory at the University of California in San Francisco using software with specialized features for pediatric scans.

Kalkwarf said researchers plan to continue their work, seeking to advance their findings by analyzing a seven-year stream of data. This will allow growth charts to be extended up to 21 years of age in males and 20 years in females. One goal is to develop a way to determine, for example, if a 7-year-old child ranking in the 50th percentile for bone mass remains or falls behind that percentile by age 15, and whether he or she may be at risk for osteoporotic fracture later in life.

Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, one of the leading pediatric research institutions in the nation, is dedicated to changing the outcome for children throughout the world. Cincinnati Children's ranks second among all pediatric institutions in the United States in grants from the National Institutes of Health.

It has an established tradition of research excellence, with discoveries including the Sabin oral polio vaccine, the surfactant preparation that saves the lives of thousands of premature infants each year, and a rotavirus vaccine that saves the lives of hundreds of thousands of infants around the world each year. Current strategic directions include the tr
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