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Technique may help stem cells generate solid organs, Stanford study shows
Date:3/2/2009

circulatory system shared by animals and humans called microcirculatory beds. To understand what they are, spread the fingers of each of your hands apart and then touch your fingertips together. One wrist represents the inflow of blood, and the other, the outflow. The fingers are the tiny capillaries that supply oxygen and nutrients to the surrounding tissue wrapping itself invisibly around your hands.

In many cases these beds create a flap of expendable tissue that can be easily removed. (With your fingertips still touching, bring your elbows together. Now imagine lopping off your hands midway down the forearm. Your fingers and wrists now represent a free microcirculatory bed.)

Gurtner and his colleagues removed microcirculatory beds about the size of a half-dollar coin from the groin of laboratory rats and attached the ends of the two main blood vessels to a modified piece of equipment called a bioreactor designed to keep livers and kidneys healthy outside the body. The modified bioreactor pumps an oxygenated soup of nutrients into one vessel and recovers it from the other; Gurtner referred to it as a "kind of life support, or cardiopulmonary bypass, machine for tissue."

The scientists showed that, once the appropriate blood pressure and nutrient balance was achieved, the bioreactor could keep the tissue healthy enough for reimplantation into a second, genetically identical animal for up to 24 hours. In many cases, the tissue became nearly indistinguishable from surrounding skin within 28 days of transplant, although the success rate of the procedure decreased as time spent on the bioreactor increased. In contrast, control tissue not connected to the bioreactor after removal died within six hours of transplantation.

The team then used the bioreactor to pump multipotent stem cells from a variety of sources, including bone marrow and fat tissue, through the tissue. Unlike embryonic stem cells, which can become any type of cell in
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Contact: Krista Conger
kristac@stanford.edu
650-725-5371
Stanford University Medical Center
Source:Eurekalert

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