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Social Class, Gender Won't Shield Smokers from Harm
Date:2/18/2009

Study finds affluent professionals, women had no survival advantage over others

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 18 (HealthDay News) -- Affluent professionals who smoke have higher death rates than low-paid nonsmokers of the same sex, according to British researchers.

They conclude that smoking may be a greater cause of health disparities than social class.

The study also found that smoking cancels out the survival advantage women normally have over men. The findings show that "in essence, neither affluence nor being female offers a defense against the toxicity of tobacco," noted the study authors, from NHS Health Scotland and the University of Glasgow.

The researchers analyzed how smoking affected the survival rates of 15,000 residents in the West of Scotland who were recruited in 1972-76. The participants were grouped by gender and social class, and then further divided into smokers, never-smokers and ex-smokers.

When the death rates of the participants were assessed after 14 and 28 years, smokers had much higher death rates than never-smokers in every social class. After 28 years, 56 percent of female never-smokers and 36 percent of male never-smokers in the lowest social classes were still alive, compared with 41 percent of female smokers and 24 percent of male smokers in the top social classes. Death rates for smokers in the lowest social classes were even higher.

Death rates of ex-smokers were much closer to those of never-smokers than smokers, which shows that quitting smoking does make a difference regardless of social class, the researchers said.

The findings appear in the Feb. 18 online issue of the British Medical Journal.

"This study reinforces current policies in the United Kingdom and other countries aimed at helping smokers stop smoking," said study author Dr. Laurence Gruer, director of public health science at NHS Scotland. "Accessible and effective smoking cessation
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