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Same process discovered to both form skeleton and protect it for life
Date:3/12/2008

wn to influence the decision made by stem cells in bone marrow about whether or not to become bone-making cells.

As we develop in the womb, successive generations of stem cells specialize (differentiate), with each group able to differentiate into fewer and fewer cell types. Many tissues maintain pools of stem cells into adulthood in case replacement cells are needed for healing or maintenance. Among theses are mesenchymal stem cells, which reside in adult bone marrow and can differentiate into, among other things, bone-making cells called osteoblasts. Osteoblasts are one of two cell types, which coupled together, enable bone to continuously recycle itself and stay strong. Where osteoblasts make new bone, osteoclasts eat aging bone to make way for new bone in a careful balance with osteoblasts.

The current study suggests for the first time that Notch signaling influences the process by which stem cells decide whether to become bone-making osteoblasts. The data also argue that Notch regulates the process by which osteoblasts signal to osteoclasts, regulating their ability to eat bone.

In recent years, bone biologists have constructed a theoretical model that they believe represents the stages involved in the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into mature osteoblasts. The model holds that intermediates exist between stem cell and mature osteoblast and that signaling processes, including Notch, control the transition from one to the next. In the first step, mesenchymal stem cells commit to the osteoblast pathway or lineage. Once that decision is made, they become, in distinct stages, osteoblast precursors then immature osteoblasts and then mature osteoblasts. Notch signaling has different roles at each stage, inhibiting some transitions while encouraging others, researchers found. In short, Notch escorts the stem cells through the process until they form a pool of immature osteoblasts, then maintains that pool until the body calls for mor
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Contact: Greg Williams
Greg_Williams@urmc.rochester.edu
585-273-1757
University of Rochester Medical Center
Source:Eurekalert

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