Researchers seek children for a study of antibiotics for a urinary trac...( Researchers conducting a study to le...),Health

Researchers conducting a study to learn if children with a urinary tract disorder known as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) should be treated with an antibiotic for an extended period of time are seeking to enroll more participants. The study, known as the Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux (RIVUR) study is funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), one of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

VUR is the abnormal flow of urine from the bladder back up into the tubes that run to the kidneys. These tubes are called ureters. Normally, urine flows down the ureters to the bladder. VUR is the most common functional abnormality of the urinary tract in children. It is found in 30 percent to 50 percent of children with urinary tract infections (UTIs) and is thought to increase the risk of kidney damage when children have recurring UTIs. At least 30 percent of children who have at least one UTI will have a recurrence.

Scar tissue in the kidney, called renal scarring, occurs between 5 percent and 40 percent of the time when a child has a UTI. Scarring may build up with each infection and can lead to progressive kidney failure and the need for renal-replacement therapy, such as dialysis.

About 50 years ago physicians began to prescribe an ongoing regimen of daily antibiotics for children with VUR, based on the belief that treatment would prevent infections and reduce scarring and kidney failure. Unfortunately, the number of children developing kidney failure from VUR has not changed in that time, leading physicians to question the value of the practice and adding to concerns about increasing antibiotic resistance in the general population.

"The RIVUR study has the potential to help us understand how to provide the best care for tens of thousands of children diagnosed every year with this condition," said Marva Moxey-Mims, M.D., director of NIDDK's pediatric nephro
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