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Regulatory immune cell diversity tempers autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis
Date:5/8/2012

Untangling the root cause of rheumatoid arthritis has been a difficult task for immunologists, as decades of research has pointed to multiple culprits in our immune system, with contradictory lines of evidence. Now, researchers at The Wistar Institute announce that it takes a diverse array of regulatory T cells (a specialized subset of white blood cells) to prevent the immune system from generating the tissue-specific inflammation that is a hallmark of the disease. Regulatory T cell diversity, the researchers say, provides a cumulative protective effect against rheumatoid arthritis. When that diversity is not present, it allows the immune system to attack joints.

The Wistar scientists presented their findings, developed in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis, in the May 1 issue of the Journal of Immunology. Defining the immune mechanisms involved in rheumatoid arthritis could point to new therapies for the disease.

"Our results show, surprisingly, that suppressing the immune response against a single target will not shut down the inflammatory response that causes rheumatoid arthritis," said Andrew J. Caton, Ph.D., senior author and professor in The Wistar Institute Cancer Center's Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis program. "Instead, an array of inflammation-stimulating antigens may be involved in causing the disease, since our study shows that an array of regulatory T cells is required to temper the immune system's attack on joints."

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that occurs as the immune system attacks the synovium, the membrane that lines all the joints of the body. It is a common disorder that causes uncontrolled inflammationresulting in pain and swellingaround the joints. It is thought that approximately one percent of the adult population, worldwide, suffers from rheumatoid arthritis. RA has shown to be exacerbated by drinking and smoking, and the disease can lead to an overall increased risk
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Contact: Greg Lester
glester@wistar.org
215-898-3943
The Wistar Institute
Source:Eurekalert

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