The study also found that 40 percent of the police officers were obese, compared to 32 percent of the general population.
In addition, female officers reporting the highest levels of stress were four times more likely to have trouble sleeping and male officers who said they experienced the most stress were six times more likely to have poor sleep quality compared with the general U.S. population.
After 30 years of service, the study found, the officers were also at increased risk for Hodgkin's lymphoma and brain cancer.
The study authors pointed out that the culture of police work often prevents those in need from getting help.
"The police culture doesn't look favorably on people who have problems," explained Violanti. "Not only are you supposed to be superhuman if you're an officer, but you fear asking for help."
The study authors added that chronic disease or mental health issues could take a toll on police officers' reputation and financial status.
"If you have heart disease, you may not be allowed to go back on the street," said Violanti. "That's a real threat. If you go for mental health counseling, you may not be considered for promotions and you may be shamed by your peers and superiors. In some cases, your gun can be taken away, so there is a real fear of going for help."
The researchers concluded that, as part of their training at the police academy, police officers should be taught to recognize signs of stress and to seek treatment. And police departments need training to make sure officers aren't afraid to ask for help, Violanti said.
The study is scheduled for publication in a special issue of the International Journal of Emergency Mental Health.
More information
The U.S. National Library of Medicine has more about stress.
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