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Pivotal Emory study focuses on teens at risk for psychosis
Date:11/11/2008

95 percent accuracy, instead of 30 to 40 percent," Walker said. "Evidence has been accumulating that, not only are there brain abnormalities in people with psychotic disorders, the brain abnormalities get worse the longer the patient goes untreated."

While anti-psychotic drugs can be effective, they also have serious side effects, so physicians are hesitant to recommend them until someone enters the clinical stages of psychosis.

Stress Hormones May Hold Key for Treatment

Walker recently completed a study that tracked changes in the stress hormone cortisol over several years in prodromal teenagers. The results found much sharper increases in cortisol levels in the participants who were eventually diagnosed with a psychosis. "This suggests that youth who are vulnerable to psychosis may be especially sensitive to elevations in cortisol selection," Walker said.

One hypothesis of the NIMH study is that changes in stress hormones that occur in at-risk adolescents are influencing gene expression in the brain. "All neurons in the brain have receptors for hormones and research on animals has shown that cortisol can change how these neurons function," Walker said. "If our theory is right, and we can identify what's going on with this process, it's possible that we could eventually modify cortisol secretion in a way that buffers teenagers against its effects, and gets them through this critical risk period."

Each of the eight institutions involved in the NIMH study will recruit 100 prodomal teenagers and 50 controls to participate in the project. Participants will undergo regular diagnostic interviews, measurements of their cortisol levels, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to observe physical development of their brains, and electroencephalography (EEG) to measure neural electrical activity. In addition, the researchers will regularly collect and compare genetic data of the participants.

Researchers are now undergoin
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Contact: Beverly Clark
beverly.clark@emory.edu
404-712-8780
Emory University
Source:Eurekalert

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