Ophthalmology highlights Jan. 2009( SAN FRANCISCO CA---With a new study ...),Health

SAN FRANCISCO, CA---With a new study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention predicting that diabetic retinopathy will triple from 5.5 million in 2005 to 16 million in 2050, improved treatments are urgently needed for this leading cause of blindness in working-age people. The CDC study is the latest indicator of a world-wide diabetes epidemic that is motivating ophthalmic research around the globe. Hideharu Funatsu, MD, and colleagues at the Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan, focused on diabetic macular edema (DME) a serious complication of retinopathy. Their findings on inflammatory factors associated with DME are presented in this month's Ophthalmology, the journal of the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Retinopathy typically develops gradually over many years in people who have diabetes. It impacts the retina, the area at the back of the eye that focuses images for transmission to the brain. Advanced complications include the growth of abnormal blood vessels on the retina and optic nerve, and DME, swelling of the macula at the center of the retina as fluid leaks from permeable blood vessels. Precisely how DME develops is unclear, but the condition is similar to chronic inflammation that can occur in other areas of the body. When inflammation occurs, the body's immune system releases chemical messengers into the blood or affected tissues in an attempt to rid the body of a perceived infection, irritant, or injury. Some of the chemicals cause leakage of fluid into the tissues, resulting in swelling.

Dr. Funatsu's group measured levels of four inflammatory factors and one anti-inflammatory factor in the vitreous gel, which fills the eye between the lens and the retina, in 53 patients with DME, 15 patients with nondiabetic ocular disease, and 8 diabetic patients without retinopathy. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemotactic protein
'/>"/>