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Non-IV-administered medication just as effective in stopping seizures
Date:6/7/2010

CINCINNATIWhen seizures strike, the most immediate goal for caregivers is to get appropriate medication to the patient as quickly as possible to stop the seizing activity.

In a paper published in the June Academic Emergency Medicine, UC emergency medicine assistant professor Jason McMullan, MD, found that the best means of stopping status epilepticus (SE) may be with the least direct medication.

In the meta-analysis, McMullan compiled the results of six studies featuring 774 patients. His analysis compared the efficacy of two seizure medications, diazepam and non-intravenous midazolam, in stopping SE in children and young adults.

Both medications are in a class of drugs called benzodiapines, with diazepam the more commonly used anti-seizure drug in pre-hospital settings. While diazepam is typically administered by either suppository or IV, midazolam can be administered by a shot in the muscle or intranasally.

In the minutes after a seizure, the method of administration can make a big difference, says McMullan.

"Establishing IV access can be challenging, if not impossible, in convulsing patients," he says. While an intravenous medication may access the bloodstream faster, it can take a long time before the patient actually gets the medicine.

"Suppositories present another challenge," adds McMullan, because some caregivers may be unwilling to administer a suppository to a seizing child in a public place.

"It may be a little bit slower for midazolam administered via shot or nasal spray to work," he says, "but when you factor in the time to start the IV or administer a suppository, then it becomes a lot quicker."

During a seizure, time saved often translates into a better outcome for the patient.

"Most seizures stop on their own, but there times that they don'tand when they don't, that's a true emergency," says McMullan. "If a person is seizing for five or more minutes, the chan
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Contact: Katy Cosse
kathryn.cosse@uc.edu
513-558-0207
University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center
Source:Eurekalert

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