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Epilepsy Drug May Raise Autism Risk in Offspring
Date:12/3/2008

h defects. And the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently considered, but eventually rejected, adding a black-box warning that anti-seizure drugs can increase suicidal tendencies in patients.

The current paper is part of an ongoing study by the Liverpool and Manchester Neurodevelopment Group in Britain looking at the effects of anti-epileptic drugs in pregnant women.

The study involved 632 live births from 620 women, 296 of those births to women with epilepsy and 249 of whom took anti-epilepsy drugs at the beginning of the pregnancy.

Controls were 336 live births to women without epilepsy and therefore not taking these medications.

The children were assessed for autism or related conditions at 1, 3 and 6 years of age.

Out of the group of 632 children, nine were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders and another with features of these disorders, amounting to a total incidence of 1.6 percent.

Seven of the 10 children were born to mothers taking anti-epileptic drugs. Four of the children were exposed to valproate, one to valproate plus lamotrigine, one to phenytoid (Dilantin among other brand names) and one to lamotrigine alone.

Just over 6.3 percent of children exposed to valproate alone have autism spectrum disorders or features of these disorders, a number that's seven times higher than that in the control group.

There is a possibility that more children in the study could be diagnosed with autism or related disorders as time progresses, given that most are still young.

Still, the absolute risk is relatively low. "Ninety-four percent of children exposed to valproate did not go on to have an autism spectrum disorder," Brosco said. "This adds to the evidence that we need to be cautious with every drug we use, especially during pregnancy, when the fetus is sensitive to external influences."

"This is not a strong study and doesn't really definitely make a causal
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