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Early Detection of Melanoma Plus Regular Skin Exams is Vital For Beating Disease
Date:5/4/2009

es and the average five-year survival rate drops to 50 percent or less. Once a melanoma has spread beyond the skin growth, a more extensive treatment plan -- which may include surgical removal of the tumor with wide margins, usually including the affected regional lymph nodes; chemotherapy; immunotherapy or radiation therapy -- is often indicated.

When the tumor has spread to a distant site, such as the lung, brain or other organ, this is considered a stage IV melanoma with an average survival rate of only 10 months. One drug being used to treat patients with advanced melanoma is known as dacarbazine or DTIC. However, the remission rate with this drug is only 10 percent.

"No studies to date show that chemotherapy or any treatment regimens are effective when melanoma has spread to other organs," said Dr. Rogers. "The silver lining is that given the explosion in our understanding of the molecular biology of melanoma, there are a number of drugs and therapies in the pipeline that are being studied to treat the more advanced stage melanomas."

One potential therapy involves targeting specific drugs to specific genes that are known to go awry in the development of melanoma. There are multiple genes involved in melanoma progression from local tumor to disseminated disease. And, on a molecular level, there are many differences between melanomas that form in chronically sun-exposed areas versus areas of the body that are not sun-exposed, such as the soles or palms. The goal is to find a drug that will target a specific type of gene defect responsible for certain types of melanoma. "Just as one shoe does not fit all sizes, we are on the verge of being able to tailor therapy to a particular patient," added Dr. Rogers.

Clinical trials also are underway to test a vaccine known as the MAGE-A (melanoma antigen - family A) vaccine that would be used as an adjuvant to treat certain types of stage III and IV melanoma
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SOURCE American Academy of Dermatology
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