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Diabetes Insight Could Lead to Better Treatments
Date:12/21/2009

Inhibiting a key inflammatory pathway brought powerful results in mice and people, researchers say

MONDAY, Dec. 21 (HealthDay News) -- Scientists have identified a protein that may be involved in the development of type 2 diabetes, a finding that could lead to new drugs to fight this growing worldwide scourge.

This same group of researchers recently showed that inhibiting this pathway worked to block pain associated with gout, an inflammatory condition affecting the joints.

Inflammation also plays a large role in diabetes.

The authors of this study, published online Dec. 21 in Nature Immunology, started their exploration with the NLRP3 inflammasome, which has been linked with different inflammatory diseases.

Inflammasomes are clusters of proteins that stimulate inflammation and play a role in the body's innate immune response, explained Dr. Norma Kenyon, professor at the Diabetes Research Institute of the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. She is familiar with the new findings.

"The inflammasome sense situations that are dangerous to our body," added study senior author Jurg Tschopp, a professor at the University of Lausanne in Epalinges, Switzerland. "This includes pathogens (bacteria, viruses), but also endogenous 'danger situations,' such as uric acid crystals found in gout, high circulating glucose found in diabetes or beta-amyloid [plaques] found in Alzheimer's disease."

Until now, scientists were unable to figure how out the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated. With that information now in hand, researchers might have another promising route to developing treatments for type 2 diabetes.

The chain of events seems to start with a protein called TXNIP, which, when exposed to oxidative stress, binds to NLRP3 and leads to the production of interleukin-1 beta or IL-1b, an immune system molecule.

IL-1b is also produced by the pancreas' islet cells
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