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Complete Genomes of All Known Human Rhinoviruses are Published
Date:2/12/2009

le genome sequencing and bioinformatic analyses on the rhinovirus evolution were conducted at JCVI.

By constructing a rigorous phylogeny of all complete HRV genomes, the team gained new insight into rhinovirus evolution. They clearly showed that HRV-A and HRV-C evolved from a common ancestor and that HRV-B is "sister" group to the other two species. Interestingly, the team also uncovered within the HRV-A strain what they believe could be a separate, distinct fourth HRV subgroup.

The authors demonstrated in this study that recombination, the exchange of genetic information by breaking and rejoining nucleic acid sequences, is a common evolutionary mechanism in rhinoviruses. Co-infection with multiple viruses in individual patients can lead to the generation of novel rhinovirus serotypes. The authors also saw a high rate of diversity among field samples of the same HRV serotypes in the same geographic area over a short time period, suggesting that rhinoviruses may escape antiviral drugs through rapid mutation.

The researchers also found several areas of interest in the HRV genomes which could help to better understand the infection mechanism. Specifically, nearly all the HRVs displayed a hypervariable region in the 5'UTR. In the poliovirus a similar region is found which determines the virulence of that virus, suggesting that this genomic region could determine the pathogenicity of individual HRV strains.

According to Dr. Spiro this study provides the scientific community with an extremely valuable resource for studying viral evolution. He added, "It is a very exciting time in viral genomics. Next generation sequencing technology will allow researchers to study as never before the evolution of viral populations worldwide. The completion of the HRV reference data set will open the door to mass comparative studies of rhinovirus evolution and global migration patterns."

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SOURCE J. Craig Venter Institute
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