Meteoropathy

meteoropathy (from Greek meteora, celestial phenomena, and pathos, feeling, pain, suffering): a disorder, or physical condition, or symptom due to climate or conditions of weather such as humidity, temperature or pressure.

A search in PUBMED shows that, quite outside of the popular and historical conceptions of "air" causing diseases and strongly influencing people's sense of wellbeing (see Miasma theory of disease), there appear to be significant and measurable correlations between particular atmospherical events (such as a sudden increase in humidity and temperature) and the onset of disease (such as [stroke]).

See, for example Lopez del Val LJ, Rubio E, Calatayud V, Lopez del Val JA, Sanchez E., Effect of atmospheric factors on the presentation of cerebrovascular accidents, published in Neurologia 1991 Feb;6(2):52-5

Someone said to suffer from meteoropathy is called a meteoropathic.