( ...)Transgenic Animals

The term transgenic animals describes animals whose chromosomes contain stably integrated copies of genes or gene constructs derived from other species or not normally found in the host animal.

For this reason, mice, rats or other small mammals are used to introduce foreign DNA into oocytes or embryos (blastocysts).

Two different techniques are used: Microinjection of linear DNA into the pronucleus (Fig. 1)

Transfer of Embryonic Stem Cells into Blastocysts (Fig. 2)

Fig. 1 Microinjection of DNA into the pronucleus


Fig. 2 Transfer of Embryonic Stem Cells

1. Mouse

2. Fertilized egg
   (one cell embryo, pronuclear stage)

3. Microinject gene of interest as linear DNA into male nucleus

4. Embryo

5. Introduce several such embryos into pseudopregnant mouse

6. Birth

7. Transgenic mouse

1. ES cells

2. Blastocysts

3. ES cells injected into cavity of blastocysts

4. Injected cells become incorporate
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