Cells are stressed
In general, avoid stressing cells with temperature shifts
and long periods without medium during washing steps. We recommend
performing transfection experiments in the presence of serum, so that
cells are not deprived of necessary growth factors and nutrients.
Vector related influences
Toxic effects may arise if a plasmid encoding a toxic
protein is used, or if too much plasmid with a high expression rate
is used. Conversely, if insufficient plasmid with a low expression
rate is used, transfection efficiency may be too low. Optimization
of plasmid DNA concentration, as described above and in the optimization
section, is recommended for every new plasmid and/or new cell line
used.
Variable transfection efficiencies in replicate experiments
Inconsistent cell confluency in replicate experiments
Count cells prior to seeding to ensure that the same
number of cells are seeded for each experiment. Keep incubation times
between seeding and complex addition consistent between experiments.
Possible mycoplasma contamination
Mycoplasma contamination influences transfection
efficiency. Variations in the growth behavior of mycoplasma-infected
cells will lead to different transfection efficiencies between replicate
experiments.
Cells have been passaged too many times
Cells that have been passaged for an extended number
of times tend to change their growth behavior, morphology, and transfectability.
When cells with high passage numbers are used for replicate experiments
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