( cannot be restained in order...)The Bio-Rad Silver Stain, Rev E

cannot be restained in order to visualize proteins not initially detected. Staining specificity is sensitive to variations in the concentration of silver ions relative to NaOH and NH₃, as well as to metals such as copper used in the stain, and to the acidification process used in image formation. Washes after silver diammine treatment are difficult, resulting in high background and variable sensitivity. Reproducibility and standardization of protein staining is therefore difficult.

By comparison, the photochemical method (Bio-Rad) requires only 3 reagents, which are stable on storage. It requires fewer reaction steps, and therefore is more rapid. This photochemical silver stain is sensitive, does not suffer from high background, is reproducible, and does not generate variable results when gels of different composition are stained.

Advantages of Silver Staining
Sensitive Alternative to Coomassie Blue R-250
Dilute, unconcentrated samples can be analyzed
Use of dilute sample avoids protein overload artifacts
Trace samples can be analyzed
Sample can be conserved

Useful Alternative to Autoradiography
Faster and equally sensitive
Less expensive
May detect proteins not detected in radiolabeled cell lysate
Does not require prohibitive amounts of radioactive precursors in whole animal studies
Useful when autoradiography cannot be used

Features Unique to Photochemical Silver Stain
Simplicity
Reliable. Most frequently quoted procedure
Well characterized. Subject of multiple reviews ^{51, 56, 57}
Few reag
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