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Kenneth D. Cain1 , Leslie Grabowski1 , and Scott
E. LaPatra2
1 Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow,
ID USA
2 Clear Springs Foods Inc., Research Division, PO Box 712, Buhl, ID USA
Introduction
Coldwater disease (CWD) is a worldwide problem in
commercial (foodfish) aquaculture as well as public resource
enhancement hatcheries, and is caused by the gramnegative
bacterium Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Juvenile
trout and salmon infected with this disease experience high
mortalities, and surviving fish often exhibit skeletal deformities
associated with spinal compression. Aquaculture vaccines
have become important tools in preventing fish diseases,
but a commercial vaccine is not currently available for CWD.
Development in this area has likely been hampered by
altered expression of virulence factors among different
strains of F. psychrophilum and an incomplete understanding
of the immune response of fish to this pathogen. It has
been noted that protease differences exist between strains
(Dalsgaard 1993, Bertolini et al. 1994, Madsen and
Dalsgaard 1999), but the identities of these components and
roles they play in the fish immune response are unknown.
Significant protection has been observed under laboratory
conditions following immunization with F. psychrophilum
(Holt 1988, Obach and Laurencin 1991), but antigenicity
appears to be strain dependent.
A study is currently underway in our laboratory using twodimensional
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) to identify antigens and
virulence factors of this bacterium that may be targeted for the development
of an efficacious vaccine for the aquaculture industry. 2-D gel profiles
of virulent and nonvirulent strains are being compared to iden
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