( nd hGTBP 12 proteins. Somemouse ana...)RT-PCR Primer Sets for Human and Mouse Mismatch Repair Genes

nd hGTBP¹² proteins. Some mouse analogs to previously characterized mismatch repair genes have also been identified. These genes include mMSH2,¹³ mPMS2 ¹⁴ and GTMBP 15 (mGTBP). Rep-3 in mice is similar to the MutS gene but shares the greatest homology to yeast MSH3.¹⁶

Rapid advances in the field of DNA repair have begun to elucidate the precise role of human mismatch repair proteins.¹⁷ In the current model, hMSH2 and hGTBP form a dimer, which recognizes the mismatch and binds to it. Another complex formed by hPMS2 and hMLH1 subsequently recognizes and binds to the DNA-bound, hMSH2-hGTBP complex. Other proteins are then recruited to complete the processes of incision and repair. The human hPMS2 protein performs the analogous function of the PMS1 protein in yeast. The biochemical function of the hPMS1 protein is unclear; however, mutations in the hPMS1 gene, as well as hMSH2, hMLH1 and hPMS2 genes, have been associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer, a condition marked by microsatellite instability.

RT-PCR Primer Sets for Mismatch Repair

Stratagenes RT-PCR primer sets for mismatch repair are designed to amplify cDNA segments representing transcripts of currently characterized mismatch repair genes in humans and mice. Because the RT-PCR primer sets amplify regions that span intron-exon boundaries, amplification using genomic DNA templates produces either no product at all or one that can easily be distinguished from the RT-PCR product by gel electrophoresis. The primer sets can be used in conjunction with quantitative RT-PCR techniques to study gene expression in areas such as genetic toxicology, where changes in the regulation of these genes may be indicative of the genotoxicity of a substance or its biologically activated form. The primer sets may also be used to quickly amplify a region of the featured genes for later use as
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