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FATTY ACID UPTAKE AND TRANSPORTERS
Fatty acids are utilized for diverse cellular
processes including mitochondria oxidation,
membrane synthesis and energy storage.
Pathologically increased intracellular fatty acid
concentrations can cause cellular apoptosis and
have been linked to insulin desensitization, Type
2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease.
All of these intracellular processes are dependent
upon fatty acids traversing the plasma membrane
to get into the cell. Therefore, understanding the
Fatty Acid Transport Proteins (FATP) that
regulate this process is of great importance in
biomedical research and drug discovery.
FATPs are part of an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins of which six FATP family members are expressed in the human genome. While all six human FATPs are similar in function, they differ dramatically in their expression in various tissue and organs. The differences in FATP expression pattern therefore make it possible to selectively target the uptake of fatty acids into specific organs by using compounds that can discriminate between the different FATP family members.
CONVENTIONAL METHODS
The development of fatty acid uptake regulators as potential drugs for metabolic diseases requires robust assays for the quantitation of fatty acid uptake. Conventional protocols utilizing radioactivity often require cell lysis and processing at very low temperature, making them expensive, slow and not suitable for high throughput screening. Fluorescence-based protocols generally require the use of low throughput Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter (FACS) instrumentation, or require cell washing, which can severely com
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