( than interactionsobserved in a forei...)New Mammalian Two-Hybrid System Detects Protein-Protein Interactions

than interactions observed in a foreign environment. The confirmation eliminates the possibility of a false positive that is an artifact from working in yeast cells or in vitro. In addition, once an interaction between two proteins has been detected, the mammalian two-hybrid assay can be used with deletions or site-directed mutagenesis to identify domains and amino acids involved in specific protein-protein interactions.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Ning Jiang, Xu Li, Lisa Hexdall, Katherine Felts, Chao-Feng Zheng, Peter Vaillancourt, Carsten Carstens, Alan Greener, Mary Buchanan, and John Bauer of the Genetic Systems group at Stratagene for reagents, discussions, suggestions, and excellent jokes.

REFERENCES

1. Phizicky, E.M. and Fields, S. (1995) Microbiological Review 59: 94-123.

2. Fields, S. and Song, O.-K. (1989) Nature (London) 340: 245-246.

3. Chien, C.-T., et al. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 9578-9582.

4. Fields, S. and Sterngianz, R. (1994) Trends Genetics 10: 286-292.

5. Osborne, M.A., et al. (1997) In P.L Bartel and S. Fields (Eds.) The Yeast Two-Hybrid System. Oxford University Press. New York, New York.

6. Buckholz, R.G. and Gleeson, M.A.G. (1991) Biotechnology 9: 1067.

7. Bartel, P.L. and Fields, S. (1995) Methods in Enzymology 254: 241-263.

8. Dang, C.V., et al. (1991) Mol. Cell. Biol. 11: 954-962.

9. Schmitz, M.L. and Baeurle, P.A. (1991) EMBO J. 10: 3805-3817.

10. Rivera, V.M. (1998) Methods: A Companion to Methods in Enzymology 14: 421-429.

11. Shocke
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