( lity of a substance (such as a protein ...)Glossary for The BioPharm Guide to Fermentation and Cell Culture

ELISA Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay: a test to measure the concen tration of antigens or antibodies.

endogenous Growing or developing from a cell or organism, or arising from causes within the organism.

endonuclease A restriction enzyme that breaks up nucleic acid molecules at specific sites along their length. Such enzymes are naturally produced by microorganisms as a defense against foreign nucleic acids.

endoplasmic reticulum A highly specialized and complex network of branching, interconnecting tubules (surrounded by membranes) found in the cytoplasm of most animal and plant cells. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is where ribosomes make proteins. It appears rough because it is covered with ribosomes. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the site for synthesis and metabolism of lipids, and it is involved in detoxifying chemicals such as drugs and pesticides.

endotoxin A poison in the form of a a fat/sugar complex (lipopolysaccha ride) that forms a part of the cell wall of some types of bacteria. It is released only when the cell is ruptured and can cause septic shock and tissue dam age. Pharmaceuticals are tested routinely for endotoxins.

enzymes Proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions by causing or speed ing up reactions without being changed in the process themselves.

epithelium (epithelial) The layer(s) of cells between an organism or its tissues or organs and their environment (skin cells, inner linings of lungs or diges
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