( oduce a secondary culture. Cell lines a...)Glossary for The BioPharm Guide to Fermentation and Cell Culture

tryptic fragment analysis Quantitating the resultant fragments caused by tryptic digestion.

turbidostat A variation on a chemostat. Whereas a chemostat is designed for constant input of medium, a turbidostat is designed to keep the organisms at a constant concentration. A turbidity sensor measures the concentration of organisms in the culture and adds additional medium when a preset value is exceeded.

turbulent flow field The state that results from mixing the contents of a fermentor or bioreactor to provide oxygen to the cells. That must be balanced against the shear that causes cell damage and death.

unicellular Composed of only a single cell.

vaccines Preparations of antigens from killed or modified organisms that elicit immune response (production of antibodies) to protect a person or ani mal from the disease-causing agent.

vacuolation In cell and tissue culture, excess fluid, debris (aggregates), or gas (from sparging) can form inside a cell vacuole. A vacuole is a cavity within the cell that can be relatively clear and fluid filled, gas filled (as in a number of blue-green algae), or food filled (as in protozoa).

vector The plasmid, virus, or other vehicle used to carry a DNA sequence into the cell of another species.

vessel jacket A temperature control method consisting of a double wall out side the main vessel wall. Liquid or steam flows through the jacket to heat (or
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