( tein synthesis. In most cases that met...)Glossary for The BioPharm Guide to Fermentation and Cell Culture

tein synthesis. In most cases, that met is removed once the protein is made. Sometimes the met is removed for only some of the mol ecules. The purified product is then a mixture of a protein with the native sequence and a protein with the native sequence plus the extra amino acid.

microinjection Manually using tiny needles to inject microscopic material (such as DNA) directly into cells or cell nuclei; computer screens provide a mag nified view.

microkinetics Movement of chemicals into, out of, and within the cell.

microorganism A microbe; a living thing too small to be seen by the naked eye.

microtubules Cellular organelles common in microorganisms: thin tubes that make structures involved in cellular movement.

mitochondria Animal-cell organelles that reproduce using their own DNA. They metabolize nutrients to provide the cell with energy and are believed to have once been symbiotic bacteria. Chloroplasts are their plant-cell equiva lents.

multicellular Referring to organisms composed of more than one cell often billions of them, arranged in various organs, tissues, and systems.

mutagen An agent (chemicals, radiation) that causes mutations in DNA.

mutation A permanent change in DNA sequence or chromosomal struc ture.

mycoplasma parasitic microorganisms that infect mammals, possessing some characteristics of both bacteria and viruses.

myeloma Lymphocytic cancer; a malignancy normally found in bone mar row.

nucleic acids DNA or RNA: long, chainlike molecules composed of nucleotides.

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