The quantification of cellular growth, including proliferation and viability, has become an essential tool in any laboratory working on cell-based studies. Such techniques enable not only the optimization of cell culture conditions, but also the determination of growth factor and cytokine activity. Even more importantly, the efficacy of therapeutic agents in drug screening, the cytostatic potential of anticancer compounds in toxicology testing, and cell-mediated toxicity can be assessed when quantifying cell growth.
The first step in any experiment is the decision whether to test for cell proliferation or viability parameters, depending on the objective of a study. These parameters are measured by assaying for vital functions that are characteristic for healthy or growing cells.

But how are the terms cell proliferation and viability defined?

Cell viability measurements assess healthy cells in a sample. This can be accomplished either by directly counting the number of healthy cells or by measuring an indicator for healthy cells in cell populations (e.g., in a microplate assay). Whether the cells are actively dividing or quiescent is not distinguished. An increase in cell viability indicates cell growth, while a decrease in viability can be interpreted as the result of either toxic effects of compounds/agents or suboptimal culture conditions.
In contrast to cell viability analysis, cell proliferation assessment is defined as the measurement of actively dividing cells in a sample. It can be expressed either as the actual number or proportion of proliferating cells in cell culture, tissues, or as relative values in assays for cell populations. Quiescent nongrowing he
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