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Zare and Fisher Win the BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in Basic Sciences for Rendering Molecules Visible and Analyzing Their Collective Behavior
Date:1/28/2010

ery transient intermediates; those that take place in combustion."

This American physicist and chemist also applied his discovery in observing what are known as separation processes, whereby a mixture of chemical elements is transformed into two or more substances, with physical and chemical properties at times differing from those of the original mixture. With the laser, he could then trace the path of the resulting molecules.

This, in turn, enabled him to look at single molecules in room-temperature solution. "When I was a graduate student, we all prided ourselves that we believed molecules but no one had ever seen one. Today with microscopy techniques and this fluorescence you can see individual molecules and you can follow what they do in time and space. Many hundreds of papers have come from there." Indeed, Zare and his team were the first to succeed in counting all the molecules in a cyanobacterial cell.

But his work did not stop there. The ability to identify individual molecules and monitor their behavior meant they could be labeled (using fluorescence tags). And this tagging could be used to analyze more complex molecular structures like DNA. "We progressed from very small molecules to molecules and solutions, to questions of biology like the sequencing of the genome." And certainly laser-induced fluorescence has been taken up by many scientific disciplines, from chemistry to biology by way of astrophysics (Zare's work has enlarged our understanding of questions like the nature of life within a cell or the origins of the Solar System, comparing its chemical make-up to that of interstellar space).

In this journey from the simplest to the most complex, Zare has been spurred on by more than simple scientific curiosity: "There's a common belief that what drives science is curiosity about the world. Yes, I'm a curious person, but I'm telling you personally that curiosity is not enough for me. What giv
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SOURCE BBVA Foundation
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