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"These results confirm the previously reported impact of the Hp 2-2 genotype in individuals with diabetes," said Dr. Berkowitz. "We believe that this type of genotype testing will ultimately evolve into a key factor in improving and prolonging the lives of diabetic patients."
About Haptoglobin
The best understood function of haptoglobin, a common serum protein, is to bind free hemoglobin released from red blood cells. Extracellular hemoglobin (hemoglobin not found in red blood cells) is a potent oxidizing agent capable of inflicting oxidative tissue damage. Haptoglobin binds to this extracellular hemoglobin and inhibits hemoglobin induced oxidation. Once hemoglobin is bound to haptoglobin, it is rapidly cleared from the bloodstream by the liver or specialized white blood cells.
Haptoglobin in humans exists as three different proteins that arise from one of three, haptoglobin gene combinations in the population, Hp 1-1 (16%), Hp2-2 (36%) and Hp1-2 (48%). For a variety of reasons that are well described in medical literature, Hp2-2 is more effective than Hp1-1 at preventing hemoglobin-induced oxidation in the bloodstream and blood vessel wall.
As a result, some medical researchers have determined that the rate of heart disease is five times higher in Hp2-2 diabetes than in Hp1-1 diabetes. Hp2-2 diabetes also has higher rates of myocardial infarction and re-vascularization within one year of angioplasty, and of heart failure and death following a heart attack. Prospective clinical trials have demonstrated that the rate of heart attack in Hp2-2 diabetes can be decreased by the administration of natural Vitamin E (400IU). This combination of testing and treatment exemplifies pharmacogenomics, the targeting of a particular drug on the basis of genetic testing.
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