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About Diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic, evaluative widespread disease in which the body reduces or does not produce or properly use insulin - the hormone needed to convert glucose (sugar) into energy. More than 240 million people worldwide are living with the disease. It is estimated that near 250 million people worldwide have diabetes, the number is expected to reach some 380 million within 20 years. It is estimated more than 20 million Americans have diabetes, including an estimated 6.2 million who remain undiagnosed. At the same time, approximately half of those diagnosed are not achieving the general blood sugar control standard of A1C <7% recommended by the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (ADA/EASD). The A1C test reflects average blood glucose levels over a two- to three-month period.
Without proper insulin production and action, glucose remains in the blood, leading to chronic hyperglycaemia (raised blood sugar). This can result in short and long-term complications, many of which, if not prevented and left untreated, can be fatal. All have the potential to reduce the quality of life of people with diabetes and their families.
The most common long-term complications are:
- Diabetic nephropathy (kidney disease), which may result in total kidney failure and in the need for dialysis or kidney transplant.
- Diabetic eye disease (retinopathy and macular oedema), damage to the retina of the eye which can lead to vision loss.
- Diabetic neuropathy (nerve disease), which can ultimately lead to ulceration and amputation of the feet and lower limbs.
- Cardiovascular disease, which affects the heart and blood vessels and may cause fatal
- complications such as coronary heart disease (leading to a heart attack) and stroke.
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