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High-performance engineering used to design facial bone replacements
Date:7/12/2010

COLUMBUS, Ohio Scientists are using the engineering technology behind the creation of high-performance aircraft components to design 3-D models for the replacement of delicate and complex facial bones lost to cancer surgery or trauma.

The researchers, combining engineering and plastic surgery expertise, have used a computational technique called topological optimization to design an experimental 3-D structure that can withstand the forces of chewing, facilitate speaking and swallowing, and replace large portions of the facial skeleton. The work is focused on the center of the face, home to the most complicated bony structures in the human head.

Eventually, the team plans to use tissue engineering techniques to grow bone around these lightweight structures and implant the new bone during facial reconstruction surgeries. The researchers predict that fully functional bone replacements based on these structural designs could be in use in operating rooms within 10 years.

The research, published this week in the online early edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, was led by Ohio State University researchers in collaboration with scientists from the University of Illinois.

Advances in reconstruction could reduce disfigurement among head and neck cancer patients and victims of such traumas as gunshot or blast wounds, including war injuries. The U.S. Department of Defense declared its interest in improving facial reconstruction with the 2008 establishment of the Armed Forces Institute of Regenerative Medicine.

Current plastic surgery techniques involve using a patient's own bones typically portions of the fibula in the lower leg to piece together a relatively crude bone replacement during facial reconstruction.

"The difference between what is done now and our design is that we take into account all of the loads on the structure. And this is not a generic shape. For each person, w
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Contact: Alok Sutradhar
alok.sutradhar@osumc.edu
614-293-7655
Ohio State University
Source:Eurekalert

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