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Robots manipulating animal behaviour

unique and very promising for sciences such as biology and robotics."

Not only did the insbots act like and interact with the insects, they even succeeded in changing the roaches' behaviour. For example, the darkness-loving insects followed their artificial cousins towards bright beams of light and congregated there. This process took up to two hours, but it showed how humans might soon be able to manipulate the behaviour of a whole colony of insects. A trick that would delight pest-controllers the world over!

Two side-projects under Leurre also looked at sheep and chickens, animals that are happy to follow their 'leaders' ?unlike the cockroaches, whose collective behaviour is essentially 'democratic'. The researchers collected data and developed mathematical models describing the collective behaviour of sheep, such as clustering together in a field. These models have yet to be taken up in a follow-on project, but are scientifically valuable. Adds Deneubourg, "They are a great way of exploring the importance of leadership or collective behaviour in animals, paving the way for people to control animals and even colonies of robots."

Asked why people would want to influence animal behaviour, Deneubourg offers several answers. Firstly, by changing the way animals behave or inducing collective behaviour, scientists can learn much about animal communications and information processing. Secondly, the ability to create 'mixed systems', where artificial agents interact with natural ones, is a long-held dream for many in the scientific community ?including those working on nanotechnology. Moreover, these systems are in keeping with emerging European research such as collective robotics and FET-funded projects such as Swarmbots.

"We believe farming in Europe can only survive if is associated with high technology," he adds, pointing to a potential increase in competitiveness and a decrease in costs. "A robot interacting with animals, even if it
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