Researchers image molecular motor structural changes ( icrotubule. It is at this juncture that...)

Researchers image molecular motor structural changes

icrotubule. It is at this juncture that the motor undergoes changes in its structure as it uses ATP to propel itself along the microtubule."

Humans are thought to have approximately 45 different molecular motors -- proteins known as kinesins -- in their bodies. For the study, Endow and her colleagues chose a kinesin found in baker's yeast that closely resembles kinesins found in humans, and which is well understood in terms of structure and biological activity.

Previous work by Endow and colleagues has shown how molecular motors "walk" along microtubules. But they had not been able to obtain images of the actual structural changes kinesins undergo as they move along microtubules.

In the first step toward this breakthrough, the researchers used an existing technology, electron microscopy, which normally enables scientists to magnify very small biological structures up to 400,000 times their original size. Electron microscopes use beams of electrons instead of light to produce images. The images recorded on electron microscope films are two-dimensional, but three-dimensional structures of the proteins can be calculated by computer image processing.

Keiko Hirose, Ph.D., a researcher at Japan's National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, performed the elaborate and time-consuming electron microscope imaging. She carefully made multiple images of the kinesin-microtubule units, and performed the computationally demanding analysis that produced the high-resolution models of the motor and microtubule structures from the electron microscope images.

"Fine details are not apparent unless you remove the extraneous noise from electron microscopy images," Hirose said. "This is done by averaging many images to reinforce the common features that show the structure of the protein molecules."

Linda Amos, Ph.D., from the U.K.'s Medical Research Council and senior author of the paper, provided essential advice for th
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Source:Duke University Medical Center

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( icrotubule. It is at this juncture that...)Researchers image molecular motor structural changes