( Researchers have demonstrated HIV repli...)Human testis harbors HIV-1 in resident immune cells

Researchers have demonstrated HIV replication within resident immune cells of the testis, providing an explanation for the persistence of virus in semen even after effective highly active antiretroviral therapy. The related report by Roulet et al., “Susceptibility of human testis to human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in situ and in vitro,?appears in the December issue of The American Journal of Pathology.

According to the most recent World Health Organization data, 39.5 million people are infected with HIV. Semen remains the main means of spreading the virus, even though highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can successfully suppress virus in the blood. The presence of HIV in the semen despite successful HAART has intrigued scientists.

Researchers led by Dr. Nathalie Dejucq-Rainsford examined testis tissue for the presence of HIV receptors. They found that all of the necessary cellular receptors (CD4, CXCR4, CCR5, and DC-SIGN) were present on cells located within the testis, specifically testicular macrophages.

The point was demonstrated further by using explanted organ cultures in which human testis tissue was grown in culture. This testis culture, which retained the same tissue architecture as in vivo tissue and continued to secrete testosterone, was able to support infection by HIV-1. Virus produced from the testis culture was fully active as collected virus was able to infect permissive cells in culture.

The finding that HIV-1 can replicate within testicular macrophages is significant because the testis represents a pharmacological sanctuary—many anti-retroviral drugs have difficulty penetrating this organ and may be present at sub-therapeutic levels. Thus, although HAART may achieve undetectable virus levels in the blood, virus replication in the testis may permit continued spread of the virus.

Finally, with HIV infection continuing to rise, the development of anti-retroviral therapy that effectiv
'"/>

Source:American Journal of Pathology

Page: 1 2
Related biology news :

1. FDA Approves Human Hookworm Vaccine for Phase I Safety Trials
2. New Clues Add 40,000 Years to Age of Human Species
3. Human Cells Filmed Instantly Messaging for First Time
4. Govt Creates Gene Database of Normal Human Tissues
5. Analysis Of Human Genome To Predict The Development Of Illnesses
6. Human Eggs Can Develop From Ovarian Surface Cells In Vitro
7. Determining The Fate Of Cells In The Human Body
8. Whole genome promoter mapping - Human Genome Project v2.0?
9. Human embryonic stem cells have the potential to develop into eggs and sperm in the laboratory
10. Going To Extremes To Improve Human Health
11. Human brain is still evolving