"The good news is that regardless of genotype, the physically active people were at lower risk of losing mobility, suggesting that everyone should exercise to preserve mobility," said Pahor, a professor and chairman of the College of Medicine's department of aging and geriatric research.
The study's lead author, Stephen Kritchevsky, Ph.D., a professor and director of the Sticht Center on Aging at the Wake Forest University School of Medicine, said that people respond differently to exercise and that the implications of that response may change as they age.
"In our study, the II genotype is associated with increased fat in the leg muscles," Kritchevsky said. "Now energy storage near muscles may benefit young athletes engaged in endurance activities, but in older persons, accumulation of leg fat has been linked to poorer muscle function and metabolic diseases like diabetes."
The study, funded by the National Institute on Aging and the Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center and conducted in conjunction with researchers at several other institutions, including the University of Tennessee and the University of Pittsburgh, opens the door to more research on the interaction of behavior and genes and how that changes with age, Pahor said.
"This report is one step," he said. "It is necessary to do more research to determine whether there are other genes that may affect the benefits of physical activity on functioning of older adults."