( It's a mystery why the speed and comple...)Does evolution select for faster evolvers?

It's a mystery why the speed and complexity of evolution appear to increase with time. For example, the fossil record indicates that single-celled life first appeared about 3.5 billion years ago, and it then took about 2.5 billion more years for multi-cellular life to evolve. That leaves just a billion years or so for the evolution of the diverse menagerie of plants, mammals, insects, birds and other species that populate the earth.

New studies by Rice University scientists suggest a possible answer; the speed of evolution has increased over time because bacteria and viruses constantly exchange transposable chunks of DNA between species, thus making it possible for life forms to evolve faster than they would if they relied only on sexual selection or random genetic mutations.

"We have developed the first exact solution of a mathematical model of evolution that accounts for this cross-species genetic exchange," said Michael Deem, the John W. Cox Professor in Biochemical and Genetic Engineering and professor of physics and astronomy.

The research appears in the Jan. 29 issue of Physical Review Letters.

Past mathematical models of evolution have focused largely on how populations respond to point mutations ?random changes in single nucleotides on the DNA chain, or genome. A few theories have focused on recombination ?the process that occurs in sexual selection when the genetic sequences of parents are recombined.

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a cross-species form of genetic transfer. It occurs when the DNA from one species is introduced into another. The idea was ridiculed when first proposed more than 50 years ago, but the advent of drug-resistant bacteria and subsequent discoveries, including the identification of a specialized protein that bacteria use to swap genes, has led to wide acceptance in recent years.

"We know that the majority of the DNA in the genomes of some animal and plant species ?including
'"/>

Source:Rice University

Page: 1 2
Related biology news :

1. Molecular biology fills gaps in knowledge of bat evolution
2. Same mutation aided evolution in many fish species, Stanford study finds
3. Researchers trace evolution to relatively simple genetic changes
4. Family trees of ancient bacteria reveal evolutionary moves
5. Great White shark evolution debate involves WSU Lake Campus geology professor
6. Revolutionary nanotechnology illuminates brain cells at work
7. The evolutionary triumph of flower power
8. MicroRNAs play a big part in gene regulation - and evolution
9. Enlisting genomics to understand flu evolution
10. Variation in HIVs ability to disable host defenses contributes to rapid evolution
11. Scientists track stealth DNA elements in primate evolution