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Shallow-water shrimp tolerates deep-sea conditions
Date:3/10/2011

By studying the tolerance of marine invertebrates to a wide range of temperature and pressure, scientists are beginning to understand how shallow-water species could have colonised the ocean depths.

Scientists believe that climate changes at various at various times during Earth's history caused extinctions of creatures living at bathyal (1,000𔃂,000 metres) and abyssal (>4,000 m) depths. These extinctions were apparently followed by re-colonisation of the deep sea by shallow-water species, which subsequently evolved into the species well adapted for life in this new challenging environment.

"Many deep-sea species have close relatives living in shallow, relatively warm water, but how shallow-water species were initially able to cope with the huge hydrostatic pressures of the deep ocean is poorly understood," explained Dr Sven Thatje of the University of Southampton's School of Ocean and Earth Science (SOES) based at the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton.

Another potentially obstacle to vertical migration from the surface to the deep ocean is that of temperature. Most shallow-water species alive today are used to living in relatively warm water rather than the frigid temperatures of the deep sea. One possibility is that re-colonisation occurred during geological periods when deep-sea temperatures were warmer. Alternatively, species living in the colder waters of polar regions may have been pre-adapted to life in the deep sea.

To address these issues experimentally, Thatje and his collaborators turned to a model species, the variable shrimp (Palaemonetes varians). The species is native to Western Europe and lives in shallow, brackish habitats. It tolerates low oxygen conditions and wide fluctuations in temperature and salinity, and has potential for commercial aquaculture.

"P. varians is closely related to deep-sea shrimp species living around hydrothermal vents 'black smokers' in t
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Contact: Dr. Rory Howlett
r.howlett@noc.soton.ac.uk
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton (UK)
Source:Eurekalert  

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