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Weill Cornell science briefs June/July 2008
Date:7/17/2008
1 or email her at arl2005@med.cornell.edu.
A Shortcut for Communication Between Brain Cells
Understanding How Neurons Communicate May Help Treat Brain Disorders
For the first time, Weill Cornell scientists have learned important details illustrating how neuronal cells in the brain communicate at a microcellular level. Such knowledge may help in the development of drug compounds used to treat disorders caused by malfunctions in communication between brain cells, such as schizophrenia, epilepsy, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Their findings are published in the June 25 issue of the Journal of Neuroscience.
To communicate between cells, tiny transport vesicles package and ship neurotransmitter-chemicals to the end (terminals) of the cell and then across synapses, or gaps in-between neurons. Adjacent neurons then receive the signal. To do this, these transport-vesicles must be recycled quickly -- especially during boosts in brain activity, but it has never been understood exactly how such critical recycling works.
Observing proteins within cellular vesicles labeled with a fluorescent marker in the lab, for easy identification, the researchers saw that about 20 vesicles can be simultaneously manufactured right at the end of the neuron -- like milk bottles, lined up and waiting to be filled for shipment. The new findings show that calcium ions, which help to send the signal across the synapse to another neuron, also control the cell's ability to rebuild the vesicles at the cell's terminal end.
According to the researchers, the explanation for this cellular feat is a simple matter of distance. "Think of the cell body as New York City and the axon [the long narrow stretch between the cell body and cell terminal] as a highway leading to Boston," explains lead researcher, Dr. Tim Ryan, from the Department of Biochemistry at Weill Cornell Medical College.
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| Contact: Andrew Klein ank2017@med.cornell.edu 212-821-0560 New York- Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medical College Source:Eurekalert |
Related biology news :
1. Drug aimed at 2 bioterror agents blocks live viral infection, Weill Cornell team reports
2. 2 federal public health grants awarded to Weill Cornell Medical College
3. $13 million federal grant for research into vascular disease awarded to Weill Cornell
4. Weill Cornell team discovers how brains own tPA helps regulate blood flow to neurons
5. Cornell will host the Northeast Biofuel Summit, Nov. 11-13
6. First symposium of UN University-Cornell Africa Series to be held at UN
7. Wiggle room: Cornell researcher borrows idea from sperm to provide energy for nanoscale robots
8. Cornell researcher seeks clues to how tuberculosis infects cells
9. Cornell researchers prove how plants transport sugars
10. Cornell patents a pink lily look-alike that blooms all summer long
11. The 12th International Behavioral Ecology Congress held at Cornell University, Aug. 10-14
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