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Using planarian flatworms to understand organ regeneration
Date:10/25/2012

CHAMPAIGN, Ill. Researchers report in the journal Developmental Cell that they have identified genes that control growth and regeneration of the intestine in the freshwater planarian Schmidtea mediterranea.

"How animals repair their internal organs after injury is not well understood," said University of Illinois cell and developmental biology professor Phillip Newmark, who led the study. "Planarian flatworms are useful models for studying this question."

After injury, planaria are able to re-grow missing body parts, including any organs that are damaged or lost, such as brain, eyes, and intestine. Injury initiates a complex set of cellular events, Newmark said. In planarians, specialized non-reproductive stem cells called neoblasts divide and give rise to all of the different cell types required to rebuild fully functional body parts. Old tissue remaining after amputation remodels and integrates with the new cells.

"The molecular signaling pathways that coordinate these cellular events to achieve organ regeneration have not been well characterized," Newmark said.

David Forsthoefel, a postdoctoral researcher in Newmark's laboratory and the lead author on the study, wanted to address the problem using the planarian intestine as a "model organ," in part because so few animals are capable of repairing severe damage to their digestive systems.

"The ability to recover from loss of digestive tissue is rare in the animal kingdom," Forsthoefel said. "What we learn from how a simple worm deals with gut damage might one day help us to come up with better medical therapies, for example in the treatment of short bowel syndrome, in which segments of intestine must be removed from patients with digestive diseases, leading to impaired nutrient absorption."

Forsthoefel developed a method for purifying a single intestinal cell type from the planarian gut. He and his colleagues in the Newmark lab identif
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Contact: Phillip Newmark, Professor of Cell and Developmental Biology
pnewmark@life.illinois.edu
217-244-4674
School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana
Source:Eurekalert  

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Using planarian flatworms to understand organ regeneration
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