Role of bioinformatics in detection of cancer biomarkers 79
Biomarker databases 80
Gene networks as biomarkers 80
3. Biomarkers and Molecular Diagnostics 81
Introduction 81
Molecular diagnostic technologies 81
Polymerase chain reaction 81
Amplification 81
Target selection 82
Detection of amplified DNA 82
Limitations of PCR 82
Real-time PCR systems 83
Limitations of real-time PCR 83
Future applications of real-time Q-PCR 84
Combined PCR-ELISA 84
Non-PCR methods 84
Linked Linear Amplification 85
Transcription mediated amplification 85
Rapid analysis of gene expression 85
WAVE nucleic acid fragment analysis system 85
DNA probes with conjugated minor groove binder 86
Rolling circle amplification technology 86
Gene-based diagnostics through RCAT 87
RCAT-immunodiagnostics 87
RCAT-biochips 88
RCAT-pharmacogenomics 88
Circle-to-circle amplification 88
Biochips and microarrays 88
Applications of biochips/microarrays 89
Role of biochip/microarrays in discovery of biomarkers 89
Biomarkers and high throughput molecular screening 90
Detection and expression profiling of miRNA 90
Real-time PCR for expression profiling of miRNAs 91
Real-time PCR for expression profiling of miRNAs 91
Use of LNA to explore miRNA 91
Microarrays for analysis of miRNA gene expression 91
4. Biomarkers for Drug Discovery & Development 93
Introduction 93
Biomarker technologies for drug discovery 94
Proteomics-based biomarkers for drug discovery 94
Chemoproteomics 94
Activity-based chemical proteomics 94
Transcriptomics for drug discovery 95
Metabolomics for drug discovery 95
Biomarkers and drug safety 96
Biomarkers of adverse drug reactions 96
Applications of biom
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