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Populations survive despite many deleterious mutations
Date:8/10/2012

iman from the University of California in Santa Barbara have now published a new theoretical study on Muller's ratchet. They chose a comparably simple model with only deleterious mutations all having the same effect on fitness. The scientists assumed selection against those mutations and analysed how fluctuations in the group of the fittest individuals affected the less fit ones and the whole population. Richard Neher and Boris Shraiman discovered that the key to the understanding of Muller's ratchet lies in a slow response: If the number of the fittest individuals is reduced, the mean fitness decreases only after a delay. "This delayed feedback accelerates Muller's ratchet," Richard Neher comments on the results. It clicks more and more frequently.

"Our results are valid for a broad range of conditions and parameter values for a population of viruses as well as a population of tigers." However, he does not expect to find the model's conditions one-to-one in nature. "Models are made to understand the essential aspects, to identify the critical processes," he explains.

In a second study Richard Neher, Boris Shraiman and several other US-scientists from the University of California in Santa Barbara and Harvard University in Cambridge investigated how a small asexual population could escape Muller's ratchet. "Such a population can only stay in a steady state for a long time when beneficial mutations continually compensate for the negative ones that accumulate via Muller's ratchet," says Richard Neher. For their model the scientists assumed a steady environment and suggest that there can be a mutation-selection balance in every population. They have calculated the rate of favourable mutations required to maintain the balance. The result was surprising: Even under unfavourable conditions, a comparably small proportion in the range of several percent of positive mutations is sufficient to sustain a population.

These findings could explain the
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Contact: Dr. Richard Neher
richard.neher@tuebingen.mpg.de
49-707-160-11345
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Source:Eurekalert  

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