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Juvenile diarrhea virus analyzed
Date:7/18/2011

blance to the virus that causes hepatitis E (HEV). Tao, an associate professor of biochemistry and cell biology, said she decided to investigate astrovirus after completing a similar study of HEV two years ago. "I was thinking there's some connection between those viruses," she said. "Based on that assumption, we started to make constructs to see if we could produce, to start with, the surface spike on the viral capsid."

The capsid is a hard shell 33 nanometers wide that contains and protects its RNA. It has 30 even tinier spikes projecting from the surface, and each of those spikes may have a receptor-binding site.

Once the atomic structure of the spike was known, finding the receptor site took detective work that involved comparing genomic sequences of eight variants of astrovirus to find which were the best conserved. "Among those eight serotypes, we figured there must be a common receptor, and that should be conserved on the surface," said Dong, the paper's lead author.

In looking for the common receptor, the team found a shallow pocket in the spike that became a prime suspect for receptor binding.

The researchers also discovered the astrovirus may have a sweet tooth. "The size of the pockets suggests that it would most likely bind to sugar molecules, like disaccharides or trisaccharides," Tao said. "It may be that the virus binds to the sugar molecule and that helps it bind to the surface of a target cell."

Finally, the team also determined astrovirus resembles another of the four types of RNA-based viruses, calicivirus, although more remotely than HEV. They suspect astrovirus may be a hybrid, with parts derived from both HEV and calicivirus. "Clearly, these three are related somehow. It's an interesting point, but we can't determine that relationship based on what we know right now."

What researchers can do is begin to develop a vaccine or antiviral drug that will block astrovirus. "There's alrea
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Contact: Jade Boyd
jadeboyd@rice.edu
713-348-6778
Rice University
Source:Eurekalert  

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