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Insight into the evolution of parasitism
Date:9/22/2008

h Institute in St. Louis (USA), have now presented the genome of another species of nematode, the model organism Pristionchus pacificus. Pristionchus species have carved out a very particular habitat for themselves: they live together with May beetles, dung beetles and potato beetles in order to feast on the bacteria and fungi that develop on the carcasses of these beetles after they die. The nematodes therefore use the beetles as a mobile habitat that offers them shelter and food.

When they move from the land to the beetle, the nematodes' habitat changes dramatically. The nematodes have to protect themselves against toxic substances in their host, for example. The methods they employ to cope with the conditions in the beetle are worthy of closer attention, as this life form can possibly be regarded as the precursor to real parasites. At least, this is what researchers have suspected for a long time.

The sequencing of the genome of the P. pacificus has now confirmed this suspicion: the genome, consisting of around 170 megabases, contains more than 23,500 protein-coding genes. By comparison, the model organism of C. elegans and the human parasite Brugia malayi (the genome of this was sequenced in 2007) only have about 20,000 or 12,000 protein-coding genes respectively. "The increase in P. pacificus is partly attributable to gene duplications," explained Ralf Sommer. "These include a number of genes that could be helpful for breaking down harmful substances and survival in the complex beetle ecosystem."

Surprisingly, the Pristionchus genome also has a number of genes that are not known in C. elegans, although they have been seen in plant parasites. Genes for cellulases - enzymes that are required to break down the cell wall of plants and microorganisms - have aroused particular interest among scientists. "The really exciting questions are still to come", said Sommer. "Using the sequence data, we can
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Contact: Dr. Ralf J. Sommer
Ralf.Sommer@tuebingen.mpg.de
49-707-160-1371
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Source:Eurekalert  

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Insight into the evolution of parasitism
Insight into the evolution of parasitism
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