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In diatom, scientists find genes that may level engineering hurdle
Date:1/21/2008

soak up carbon dioxide and then fall to the ocean floor. They account for upwards of 20 percent of the carbon dioxide that is removed from the atmosphere each year, an amount comparable to that removed by all of the planets rainforests combined.

We want to see which genes express under different environmental conditions because these organisms are so important in global carbon cycling, explains Thomas Mock, a postdoctoral researcher in Armbrusts lab and the papers first author.

But research on these algae has uncovered other enticing possibilities. As he learned about diatoms, Sussman became intrigued by the fact that each species of diatomthere may be around 100,000 of themis believed to sport a uniquely designed cell wall.

To determine which genes are involved in creating those distinctive patterns, the research team used a DNA chip developed by Sussman, UW-Madison electrical engineer Franco Cerrina and UW-Madison geneticist Fred Blattner, the three founders of the biotechnology company NimbleGen. Put simply, the chip allows scientists to see which genes are involved in a given cellular process. In this case, the chip identified genes that responded when diatoms were grown in low levels of silicic acid, the raw material they use to make silica.

Of the 30 genes that increased their expression the most during silicic acid starvation, 25 are completely new, displaying no similarities to known genes.

Now we know which of the organisms 13,000 genes are most likely to be involved in silica bioprocessing. Now we can zero in on those top 30 genes and start genetically manipulating them and see what happens, says Sussman.

For his part, Sussman is optimistic that in the long run these findings will help him improve the DNA chip he helped develop the very one used to gather data for this research project. Its like the Lion King song, he says. You know, the circle of life.


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Contact: Michael Sussman
msussman@wisc.edu
608-262-8608
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Source:Eurekalert

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