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Geology's 'Mystery Interval,' the 'Great Deepening,' and the largest kill-off in Earth history
Date:8/23/2012
pes and down-dip-to-up-dip extents of transgression across those slopes. Magnitudes of rise on transgressive surfaces within lower to middle Atokan (upper Bashkirian to middle Moscovian) fan-delta strata of the Fountain Formation (Colorado) range from minimums of ~8 to 15 m to maximums of ~13 to 20 m. These estimates are low relative to other intervals of the Permian-Pennsylvanian, but approach estimates from coeval deposits elsewhere. Each cycle shows evidence for the rise and fall of sea level that, coupled with the magnitude, and coincidence with inferred glacioeustatic cyclothems elsewhere, suggests a glacioeustatic origin.
How travertine veins grow from top to bottom and lift the rocks above them: The effect of crystallization force
Jean-Pierre Gratier et al., ISTerre, University Grenoble 1 & CNRS, BP 53, Grenoble 38041, France. Posted online ahead of print 22 Aug. 2012; doi: 10.1130/G33286.1.
Travertine mounds form at the mouth of springs where CO2 degassing drives carbonate precipitation from water flowing from depth. Building of such mounds commonly involves the successive "stratigraphic" (bottom-to-top) deposition of carbonate layers that precipitate from waters rising from depth along vertical to horizontal open fissures that are episodically sealed. Much more intriguing structures can also be observed, such as widespread horizontal white veins of carbonate with vertical aragonite fibers, parallel or oblique to the "stratigraphic" travertines, which extend laterally over distances of several tens of meters and could represent up to 50% of the total volume of the travertine mound. Using highly precise U-Th dating, the growth direction of these horizontal veins is shown to be from top to bottom and this fact clearly indicates that they developed within the mound over a period of ~1000 years for the vein analyzed. A vein growth mechanism is proposed that is able to uplift the rock above the vein thanks to the force o
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| Contact: Kea Giles kgiles@geosociety.org Geological Society of America Source:Eurekalert |
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