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Enzymes from garden compost could favour bioethanol production
Date:3/8/2011

The researcher in question is Nadia Skorupa Parachin and the secret of her technique is enzymes that she extracted from garden soil. If ethanol can be successfully made from xylose then ethanol production could increase by over 20 per cent to the benefit of cheaper environmentally friendly fuel.

Ethanol is manufactured by fermenting sugars from plant material. At present, xylose is not used, despite being the second most common type of sugar found in nature. Succeeding with xylose requires good, quick enzymes that can get the yeast to also ferment the less appetising xylose.

Nadia Skorupa Parachin has tested her enzymes and the first results show that her enzymes bind xylose more efficiently than those that have been tested previously.

"In order for carbohydrates in forestry, plant and waste products to be used for ethanol production, enzymes are required in the yeast that 'eat up' the sugar and convert it into ethanol. If we just want to make use of the glucose then normal baker's yeast is sufficient. However, if the xylose is also to be converted to ethanol, then genetic modifications have to be made to the yeast", explains Ms Skorupa Parachin, who has recently patented her newly discovered enzymes.

Nadia Skorupa Parachin began by extracting DNA from a soil sample, then she cut it into small pieces. She was then able to build up a DNA library.

After that she identified the most appropriate genes by coupling enzyme activity to growth on xylose.

Ms Skorupa Parachin's decision to use soil is quite simply due to the fact that soil is considered the most diverse habitat on earth.

"One gram of soil contains ten billion bacteria! Enzymes and other proteins are found in almost unlimited numbers and can have all sorts of unexplored properties. I collected the soil sample from a garden in Hr, but any soil can be used", she points out.

The reason why no researcher has previously identified new en
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Contact: Professor Marie Gorwa-Grauslund
Marie-Francoise.Gorwa-Grauslund@tmb.lth.se
46-462-220-619
Lund University
Source:Eurekalert

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